The trachea can be affected by inflammation or infection, usually as a result of a viral illness affecting other parts of the respiratory tract, such as the larynx and bronchi, called croup, that can result in a cough. It is epithelium lined with column-shaped cells that have hair-like extensions called cilia, with scattered goblet cells that produce protective mucins. The trachea begins to form in the second month of embryo development, becoming longer and more fixed in its position over time. The epiglottis closes the opening to the larynx during swallowing. The trachea is formed by a number of horseshoe-shaped rings, joined together vertically by overlying ligaments, and by the trachealis muscle at their ends. At the top of the trachea the cricoid cartilage attaches it to the larynx. The trachea extends from the larynx and branches into the two primary bronchi. ![]() The trachea ( PL: tracheae or tracheas), also known as the windpipe, is a cartilaginous tube that connects the larynx to the bronchi of the lungs, allowing the passage of air, and so is present in almost all animals with lungs.
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